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Viral race-related controversy

January 2022 Lincoln Memorial confrontation
2019-01-18 Sandmann Phillips.jpg

A still of a viral video of Covington Catholic High School student Nicholas Sandmann and Native American activist Nathan Phillips
Date Jan 18, 2019
Location Lincoln Memorial stairs
Coordinates 38°53′21.4″Northward 77°3′0.v″W  /  38.889278°N 77.050139°W  / 38.889278; -77.050139 Coordinates: 38°53′21.iv″N 77°3′0.5″Due west  /  38.889278°Northward 77.050139°Westward  / 38.889278; -77.050139
Participants
  • Students of the Covington Catholic High School attending an anti-ballgame March for Life rally
  • Nathan Phillips and other Native American marchers attending the Ethnic Peoples March
  • Members of the Black Hebrew Israelites who were street preaching near the Lincoln Memorial

On January 18, 2019, a confrontation between groups of political demonstrators took place nearly the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The interaction betwixt Covington Cosmic High School educatee Nicholas Sandmann and Native American activist Nathan Phillips[1] was captured in photos and videos widely disseminated by major media outlets. Videos released days later showed that initial media reports had omitted fundamental details of the incident.[two] [3] [4] Reports of the incident triggered outrage in the Usa, including calls to dox the students,[five] afterward many stories falsely portrayed the Catholic students as the aggressors.[6] The students received expiry threats and Covington Catholic High School temporarily closed due to fears for its students' safety.[7]

The short videos of the see that were uploaded to social media platforms received millions of views[eight] and were widely shared. At first, the acrimony focused on the students and the school, which, along with some of the students, received threats of violence.[9] As more videos were released, diverging views virtually what had happened polarized Americans. The incident was described past The New York Times as an "explosive convergence of race, faith and ideological beliefs"[10] and a Voice editorial called it the "nation's biggest story".[2]

In February 2019, the Covington Diocese released an investigation report of a private detective bureau hired by the diocese and the loftier school, stating that the written report exonerated the students.[11] [12] [13] The American news media has been criticized for covering the incident without fully investigating what occurred and fueling controversy and outrage. Covington students take filed a number of multi-million dollar defamation lawsuits against news agencies. Nicholas Sandmann, the Covington student featured in well-nigh media coverage of the incident, settled lawsuits with CNN, The Washington Post and NBC.[14] [xv] [xvi]

Incident [edit]

The stairs of the Lincoln Memorial, the site of the incident, pictured here in July 2004.

The stairs of the Lincoln Memorial, the site of the incident, seen in July 2004

In the afternoon of January 18, 2019, on the Plaza of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. two carve up marches were held: the Indigenous Peoples March, which had the purpose of raising awareness of indigenous people's issues,[17] and the March for Life,[9] which had the purpose of raising awareness of anti-abortion issues. For nigh ten minutes,[9] there was an overlap on the Plaza of a small grouping from the Indigenous Peoples March and a larger group of students anile xv and 16 from the all-male Covington Catholic Loftier School in Park Hills, Kentucky, who were gathering at their appointed coming together place at the steps of the Plaza to wait for their buses to return home. Before the students arrived, a grouping of 5 Black Hebrew Israelites stood in a row "shouting scripture from ruby-red books" and taunting passersby.[9] [17] [18] [Notes 1] [19] As the students began to arrive, the Blackness Hebrew Israelites began to taunt them,[10] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] and shouted insults and slurs at them.[10] [22] [23] As more Covington students arrived, and in response to these taunts, the students performed school spirit sports chants, including their version of a Māori haka.[20] [27] [Notes 2] Ane of the Native Americans who was there for the march said that he felt "the students were mocking the dance".[27]

Co-ordinate to a January 23 New York Times commodity,[9] Indigenous Peoples March participants said they had interpreted the "loud chanting" and the size of the group, as well as their MAGA apparel, every bit "aggressive and confusing to their sit-in"[9] which had just ended. Nathan Phillips, a member of the Omaha tribe who had participated in the March, listened to the chants for what he said was about 10 minutes. He said he thought that there was a confrontation betwixt the students and the street preachers that he believed had reached a "boiling point". In his early press interviews, Phillips defendant the Covington students of hate and racism.[28] He later said that he had intended to defuse what he perceived as escalating tension betwixt the students and the preachers.[29] [30] According to the Detroit Free Printing, Phillips said, "They were in the process of attacking these four black individuals.... These immature men were abominable and these old black individuals was their prey, and I stood in between them and then they needed their pounds of flesh and they were looking at me for that."[31] According to CNN'southward Sara Sidner, ii minutes later one of the students took off his shirt to atomic number 82 the haka, the "drum beat of Phillips and some other Native American drummer [was audible] in the video". They sang the AIM Song, a Native American intertribal song.[20] [29] [32]

Phillips and a 2d Native American, both with ceremonial drums, walked towards the students grouped along the stairs. Sidner said that while some of the students danced to Phillips' drum shell and chanted along with him for a while, they were not "enjoying each other'southward company".[20] Presently, Phillips was "encircled" by well-nigh 30 students, "many of them white and wearing dress bearing the slogan of President Trump", red baseball game hats with the phrase "Make America Peachy Over again" (MAGA).[ten] [33] Phillips continued to beat his ceremonial drum and sing for nearly 2 minutes every bit a boy wearing the red MAGA hat chose not to retreat with what some interpreted as a smirk on his face.[10] [22] [23] [34] The student later explained that he smiled because he wanted Phillips to know "that I was not going to become angry, intimidated or be provoked into a larger confrontation."[22]

Black Hebrew Israelites [edit]

Before footage[ description needed ] that was released did not include the presence of a group of five Black Hebrew Israelites on the Plaza nearly the Reflecting Pond, part of a One West Camp offshoot believing in the "12 tribes" doctrine. They stood in a row "shouting scripture from carmine books" and taunting passers-by.[9] [17] [18] [19] According to CNN's Sara Sidner they were "taunting ... people of all colors, other black visitors, natives, and a Cosmic priest" presently after the end of the Indigenous Peoples March, and before the students arrived on the scene.[35] [36] [37] As the students began to arrive to wait for their bus, the Black Hebrew Israelites began to shout insults directly at them.[10] [20] [21]

According to witnesses and video later on appearing on social media, the Blackness Hebrew Israelite men shouted racist slurs at the high school students equally well as Native Americans.[10] [22] [23] They called the students "a bunch of incest babies", future "schoolhouse shooters", and "dingy donkey niggling crackers", and said "y'all requite faggots rights".[22] [38] [39] [twoscore] Many students reacted by saying things such as "whoa" and "easy".[40] The Hebrew Israelites besides called a passing blackness human who tried to disagree with them a "coon", told indigenous activists that the word Indian means "savage", and said to a woman who had stopped to fence with them: "Where'due south your husband? Bring your married man. Let me speak to him."[24] [41]

Response [edit]

News media started covering the story on the evening of January 18, 2019, in response to the viral spread of initial videos posted to social media. Within days of their first coverage of the incident, many news media outlets had revisited their reports and revised the narrative, every bit more than data became available. This included longer videos which contextualized the incident, in-depth analyses and statements from spokesmen for the participants direct involved.[42] The media were sharply criticized for basing their initial reporting on social media, specially the user-generated short videos, that did not include the minutes before and after the incident.[42] These new sources, which included interviews with participants, revealed the chronology of events, showing how the students had go excited by the taunts of the Hebrew Israelites earlier Phillips came on the scene.[20]

Participants at the Indigenous Peoples March posted the commencement videos of the incident in the evening of Fri, January 18, 2019, following the events. These first videos were roughly merely a minute long, when Phillips was drumming, closely encircled by a large group of interested students. They did not include the minutes before and after that contextualized the incident. Equally described past Vocalization, the brusque videos gave the impression "that the boys were harassing the Native American elder".[42] One of these was a one-infinitesimal clip posted by Guam resident Kaya Taitano, a student at the University of the Commune of Columbia, who was with the small group of other participants at the Memorial late afternoon when the incident took place. She filmed the moment that CNN later described as "a grin immature homo in a red Make America Great Once again hat continuing directly in front end of the man, who was playing a pulsate and chanting. Other kids could be seen laughing, jumping around and seemingly making fun of the chants."[43] Taitano uploaded information technology to Instagram at vii:33 pm,[44] [45] and her video was later reposted that twenty-four hours to Twitter via user "2020fight" under the title "This MAGA loser gleefully bothering a Native American protester at the Ethnic Peoples March"; information technology received over ii.v meg views by Jan 21.[44] [46] The second video, posted to YouTube past KC Noland, reached two million viewers in two hours Sat morn, January 19, and over 4 and a half million by January 24.[47] [48] [49] [50]

The offset social media video clips were short and focused on this moment, leading to initial harsh criticism of the high school students, who some described as mocking and harassing the elderberry. Some people affiliated with the March described the boys as actualization threatening due to their numbers, actions, and the "Make America Nifty Again" caps and clothing that some wore.[ten] By January twenty, longer videos had been uploaded. Phillips antiseptic that it was he who had approached the crowd of students, in what he said was an attempt to defuse what Phillips perceived to be a brewing conflict between the students and a tertiary group of 5 men who were identified as Black Hebrew Israelites who had been taunting the white students with homophobic slurs.[31]

Potent reactions to the event prompted an immediate backlash against the school, the students, and their chaperones. The Washington Post described the incident as a "tense encounter" that "prompted outrage".[viii] 1 of the featured speakers at the Indigenous Peoples March, Ruth Buffalo, a North Dakota Representative and fellow member of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation,[51] [52] [53] said the students' boldness of what was meant to have been a "celebration of all cultures" saddened her. She added, "The behaviour shown in that video is just a snapshot of what Indigenous people take faced and are standing to face."[54] Buffalo suggested "some kind of coming together with the students to provide educational activity on bug facing Native Americans."[54] House Representative Deb Haaland wrote, "The students' display of breathy hate, disrespect, and intolerance is a signal of how common decency has decayed under this assistants. Heartbreaking."[47] Actress Alyssa Milano wrote: "This is Trump's America. And it brought me to tears. What are nosotros teaching our young people? Why is this ok? How is this ok? Please help me understand. Because right now I feel like my heart is living outside of my body".[55]

Over the adjacent several days statements from a spokesperson for the March, an attorney for the Lakota People's Law Project, from Nicholas Sandmann, and other officials, offered dissimilar perspectives on the incident. In the wake of the widespread sharing of more than detailed video clips, media analyses of the videos, and statements, public opinion became polarized, with some maxim the students were completely absolved of all wrongdoing and others saying the students were disrespectful of a Native American elder on a solar day that should have been a commemoration of the commencement Indigenous Peoples March.[56] [ten]

Further coverage [edit]

Shortly after the event took place, the Covington Cosmic communications director released a statement expressing regret that the consequence had happened.[48] In a joint statement on Jan nineteen, the Diocese of Covington and the Covington Cosmic Loftier School extended apologies to Phillips, condemned the students' behavior, and said that after they reviewed the situation they would "accept appropriate action, up to and including expulsion."[57]

However, in a following letter of the alphabet dated Jan 25, 2019, the bishop of the Covington Diocese apologized to Sandmann, saying they "should not have allowed ourselves to be bullied and pressured into making a statement prematurely".[58]

According to The New York Times, death threats had been reported by some of the Covington students' families and the school was closed for a day due to threats of violence."[9]

On January twenty, The New York Times described the encounter as an "explosive convergence of race, religion and ideological beliefs—against a national backdrop of political tension... [Information technology] became the latest touch bespeak for racial and political tensions in America, with diverging views almost what really had happened."[10] A Vox editorial called it the "nation's biggest story" and "American politics in microcosm" based on the competing interpretations, "identity-focused politics," and intractable back and forth between left-leaning and right-leaning media organizations "despite the inherent incertitude in the footage itself."[2]

As the backlash intensified, the parents of Covington High School junior Nicholas Sandmann, the ane CNN described as "grin immature homo in a red Brand America Great Again hat," retained the services of Louisville-based RunSwitch Public Relations, a company that specializes in crisis direction.[59] They released a January 21 statement on behalf of Sandmann, in which he said misinformation and "outright lies" were being spread about the incident.[60] Co-ordinate to him, the situation began when a group of African-American protesters directed insults at the students, and the students responded with school spirit chants. Sandmann said that he was confused when Phillips and other Native Americans subsequently approached him and the other students, and that he tried to remain calm to avoid trouble. He said he "did non witness or hear any students chant 'build that wall' or anything mean or racist at any fourth dimension."[29] [61] [62]

Taitano said she also heard the students chant "build that wall" and "Trump 2020", but such chants were non audible in videos reviewed by CNN.[23] [29] [61] [63] The January 21 PR statement denied that the students chanted "Build the wall".[29] [64] [60] [62] [65] Phillips said that he had heard the students chanting "build that wall" which was one of the principal concerns of the Indigenous Peoples March.[51] [66] In a brief interview on Twitter, he said "This is Ethnic Land yous know, nosotros're not supposed to take walls here. We never did for millenniums before everyone else came here we never had walls. Nosotros never had a prison house. Nosotros always took care of our elders and took care of our children. We e'er provided for them, we taught them right from incorrect. I wish I could meet that energy in that young mass of young men downwards there. To put that energy into making this country really swell—helping those that are hungry..."[63] Some others affiliated with the March described the group of boys surrounding Phillips as actualization threatening due to their numbers, actions, and "Brand America Slap-up Again" attire.[x]

Alison Lundergan Grimes, Secretary of State of Kentucky, described the scene every bit "horrific" and said the students' deportment did not reflect Kentucky'southward values. She wrote, "I refuse to shame these children. Instead I turn to the adults that are teaching them and those that are silently letting others promote this behavior. This is not the Kentucky I know and beloved. We can do better and it starts with better leadership."[67]

The Washington Post described the Indigenous Peoples March as "meaningful", and an example of how Native Americans will not be silenced.[68] The commodity drew attention to Donald Trump's joking about the Wounded Knee Massacre to mock the senior Us senator from Massachusetts, Elizabeth Warren.[69] [70]

Vulture author Erik Abriss, who tweeted that he wanted the Covington students and their parents to die, was fired from his 2d chore at INE Entertainment.[71] Movie producer Jack Morrissey, who had suggested the "MAGAkids go screaming, hats first, into the woodchipper," later apologized for his "fast, greatly stupid tweet".[72]

Author and professor at UC Riverside Reza Aslan tweeted about Sandmann: "Accept y'all always seen a more than punchable face than this kid's?"[73] The tweet was deleted roughly one year later.[74]

Post-obit full video release [edit]

A longer hour-and-a-half-long video was made public on Sunday, Jan twenty.[75] The longer video revealed more information about the incident, including the 5 Hebrew Israelites and their taunting of the students. The New York Times January 22 compilation shows that the whole interaction but lasted ten minutes.[9]

In the wake of the publication of the longer video, CNN Business reporter Donie O'Sullivan described the twitter video uploaded by "2020fight" as the i that "helped frame the news cycle" of the previous days, and characterized the video every bit a "deliberate attempt" to mislead and "manipulate the public chat on Twitter"—a violation of Twitter rules.[76] According to Molly McKew, an data warfare researcher, the tweet had been boosted by a network of anonymous Twitter accounts to amplify the story.[76] [44] [46]

The newly revealed information of the whole incident shown through the longer videos created confusion in the ongoing reporting: while some yet believed the students were partially responsible for poor attitudes, others felt that the students had been maligned by the initial coverage and that several other actors in the upshot were to arraign for the net result.[42]

The organizers of the March for Life initially released a statement criticizing the students' "reprehensible" behavior. Just the organizers rescinded the statement on Jan 20, proverb "It is clear from new footage and additional accounts that there is more than to this story than the original video captured."[61] [77]

Chase Iron Eyes, a spokesperson for the Indigenous Peoples March and an attorney for the Lakota People's Police Projection who witnessed the incident, said that "Bourgeois people are fearful now—with the election to [C]ongress of our first two Native American women, Deb Haaland and Sharice Davids, and and so many other powerful women... But yesterday the globe saw, whether it was live media or social media, the fight alee of us tin be won—if we are united."[45] [33] Some other march organizer, Nathalie Farfan, said, "The proficient news is, that connectedness to the sacred may have resonated with some of the Cosmic youths. What is not being shown on [the KC Noland February xviii video ] is that the aforementioned youth and a few others became emotional because of the ability, resilience and beloved we inherently behave in our Deoxyribonucleic acid. Our day on those steps ended with a round dance, while nosotros chanted, 'Nosotros are still here.'"[33]

On Jan 21, The New York Times report from Covington said that the local community had focused its energy on "absolving the students of any wrongdoing" in the incident, having begun "to see itself as facing a politically motivated siege".[78]

U.S. Representative Thomas Massie, whose district includes Covington Cosmic High School, wrote that after watching videos from iv different cameras he believed the media had misrepresented the incident, and that "In the context of everything that was going on (which the media hasn't shown) the parents and mentors of these boys should be proud, not ashamed, of their kids' behavior."[79]

The House Intelligence Committee on January 22 asked Twitter to provide information on the reason why the starting time video went viral.[80]

On Jan 22, shortly afterwards tweeting information technology, comedian Kathy Griffin deleted a Twitter message in which she accused Covington basketball players making an OK gesture of "throwing upwards the new nazi sign".[81] The same twenty-four hours Jim Carrey tweeted an art piece of work labeling the Covington students as "baby snakes".[82]

In a January 22 tweet, President Trump said the Covington students "have become symbols of Imitation News and how evil it can exist."[83]

After several conflicting media interviews were given by Nathan Phillips, NBC's Savannah Guthrie interviewed Covington High School junior Nicholas Sandmann, ambulation on the Today Evidence on the forenoon of January 23. While Sandmann did non feel a demand to apologize for his actions, he expressed respect for Phillips and a want to talk to him. In retrospect, he wished that he had simply walked away.[84] [85] In his interview with NBC, Phillips said that while "Sandmann owes many people an apology", as he continues to believe the "students were 'mocking' Native Americans, and Sandmann 'was the leader of that'", he forgives those involved.[86] Phillips also acknowledged that both of them had received expiry threats since the incident.[86] [87] Guthrie was criticized, alternately, for giving Sandmann a national platform and for asking Sandmann if he should apologize to Phillips.[88]

On January 23, CNN's Kirsten Powers deleted her Twitter app after she was criticized and, in her own words, "harassed" on Twitter after stating a 24-hour interval prior that "watching all the videos (which I did) does not change the fundamental problem: the boys disrespecting an Indigenous elder."[89] The same solar day, White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders gave a argument proverb, "the idea that anybody could take joy in the destruction of young kids is absolutely outrageous to me"; her remarks were criticized, with critics pointing to the Trump administration'southward family separation policy.[ninety]

Analysis of media coverage [edit]

The news media has been criticized for how it covered the incident, specifically for their initial reporting of the story based on various social media posts without fully investigating what occurred and subsequently fueling controversy and outrage over the incident.[42] [91] [92] [93] [94]

The media began to cover the story after it received a massive amount of attending on social media. At beginning, almost media coverage neglected to provide fundamental details to the story. Two days subsequently, after a longer video was released, media outlets began to withdraw from their initial analysis and made edits clarifying the changes.[95] For example, CNN titled an article "Teens in Make America Great Once again hats taunted a Native American elder at the Lincoln Memorial", but upon revision, the new headline read "Teen in confrontation with Native American elderberry says he was trying to defuse the situation". The New York Times'southward original coverage was titled "Boys in 'Make America Great Once more' Hats Mob Native Elder at Indigenous Peoples March" before following upwardly the next mean solar day with "Fuller Picture Emerges of Viral Video of Native American Man and Catholic Students".[96] Some organizations did not change their original writings, but added a notice directing users to newer manufactures with a more complete account.[96]

Mail-incident actions [edit]

National shrine protest [edit]

On January 20, 2019, Nathan Phillips, along with "several dozen" others, attempted to enter the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception during Mass in an effort to disrupt it, just were prohibited from entering "due to the disruption it would take caused during the solemn Mass" and because "they did non intend to share in the celebration of Mass."[97]

After being told to get out the belongings past police, the protesters gathered beyond the street.[97]

Feb 2022 individual detective agency investigation [edit]

In Feb 2019, the Covington Diocese released the investigation report of a individual detective agency hired by the diocese and the loftier school, stating that the report exonerated the students.[11] [12] [thirteen]

Defamation lawsuits [edit]

The Washington Post [edit]

Sandmann'due south family retained lawyers who, in February 2019, filed a US$250 1000000 defamation lawsuit on behalf of Sandmann against The Washington Post.[98] [99] The suit accuses the Post of publishing seven "imitation and defamatory articles".[100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105] [106] The complaint alleged that the Post wanted to lead a "mainstream and social media mob of bullies which attacked, vilified, and threatened" Sandmann, that the Post wrongfully targeted and bullied Sandmann "because he was the white, Catholic pupil wearing a red 'Brand America Great Again' souvenir cap on a school field trip" and that the Post "knew and intended that its allegedly defamatory accusations would be republished by others."[100] A spokeswoman for The Washington Post appear that the paper would defend itself against the lawsuit.[98]

The lawsuit against The Washington Postal service was initially dismissed on July 26, 2019, considering the plaintiff'due south claims that he was falsely accused of racist acquit "is not supported by the plain language in the article", and that otherwise the published material was stance, protected by the Beginning Amendment.[107] [108] Later on Sandmann'southward lawyers amended the complaint, the suit was reopened on Oct 28, 2019.[109] The estimate stood past his earlier determination that xxx of the Post's 33 statements targeted by the complaint were not libelous, but agreed that a further review was required for three statements that "state that (Sandmann) 'blocked' Nathan Phillips and 'would not allow him to retreat'".[110] On July 24, 2020, The Washington Mail settled the lawsuit with Sandmann. The terms of the settlement have not been made public.[15]

CNN [edit]

Sandmann's lawyers filed a second lawsuit on his behalf confronting CNN on March 12, 2019, seeking US$275 1000000 in damages,[111] for allegedly "vicious" and "direct attacks" towards Sandmann. On January 7, 2020, the lawsuit was settled. The terms of the settlement have not been made public.[112] [113]

NBCUniversal [edit]

A third lawsuit was filed on May one, 2019, seeking U.s.a.$275 one thousand thousand defamation lawsuit on behalf of Sandmann against NBCUniversal. On November 22, 2019, a judge rejected NBC's try to dismiss the lawsuit against it.[114] The lawsuit was settled on December 17, 2021, with Sandmann stating that the terms of the settlement were confidential.[16]

Other media lawsuits [edit]

Other lawsuits have been filed against The New York Times, Rolling Rock, ABC, and CBS.[115]

Public figures [edit]

On August two, 2019, a suit was filed against a dozen public figures seeking $1.four–4.viii million, on behalf of eight unnamed students who claim defamation. Of those figures, the suits against Senator Elizabeth Warren and Representative Deb Haaland were dismissed based on the principle of legislative amnesty.[116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122]

2020 RNC oral communication [edit]

Sandmann gave a short voice communication at the 2022 Republican National Convention during which he recounted the incident from his perspective and stated his belief that mainstream media outlets are biased.[123] Sandmann was subsequently hired by Mitch McConnell's re-ballot campaign.[124]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ The March For Life likewise had a permit for Offset Amendment demonstrations on the National Mall on that day. According to The Cutting, CovCath sends an annual delegation of its students to attend the anti-abortion March For Life in Washington.[ citation needed ]
  2. ^ A haka is a type of traditional ceremonial trip the light fantastic toe or challenge in Māori civilisation. They have been adopted in popular culture, frequently in sports.

References [edit]

  1. ^ Goodman, Alana (Jan 23, 2019). "Native American activist Nathan Phillips has trigger-happy criminal tape and escaped from jail every bit teenager". Washington Examiner . Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Beauchamp, Zach (Jan 23, 2019). "The existent politics behind the Covington Catholic controversy, explained". Vox. Retrieved Jan 24, 2019. The Covington Catholic fight is American politics in microcosm.... Why is the Covington Catholic controversy still the nation's biggest story? It started simply plenty. A short viral video shot on Friday shows a group of white teens, some wearing "Make America Great Over again" hats, a slogan popularized past Donald Trump in his 2022 presidential campaign. standing near a smaller group of Native Americans including an elder from the Omaha tribe named Nathan Phillips. Information technology's been four days since the initial incident, which had zero like the policy significance of the however-ongoing shutdown fight. However, it's the most divisive and talked-about consequence in American public life right now. Why? The answer is that the Covington videos are kind of Rorschach exam, showing each side seeing what information technology wants to in a way that's more than revealing about their own worldviews than the actual incident.
  3. ^ Grinberg, Emanuella (January 23, 2019). "A new video shows a unlike side of the encounter between a Native American elder and teens in MAGA hats". CNN. Retrieved Jan 24, 2019. Kaya Taitano, who shot the viral video, said the teens were chanting "Build the wall" and "Trump 2020." CNN.
  4. ^ Robins-Early, Nick (Jan 22, 2019). "House Intelligence Committee Looking Into Tweet About Viral MAGA Chapeau Teen Video". Huffington Mail service. Retrieved January 28, 2019. The Firm Intelligence Commission has asked Twitter to provide more than data almost a viral video of jeering high schoolhouse students in Brand America Bully Again hats surrounding a Native American human being, a committee aide told HuffPost. The Twitter account @2020fight on Friday posted the minute-long video of Covington Catholic High School students and Omaha tribe elder Nathan Phillips, and was viewed over two.5 meg times in the days since.
  5. ^ McCarthy, Tyler (January 21, 2019). "Kathy Griffin calls for doxing student's identities subsequently viral video at Native American march: 'Shame them'". Fox News . Retrieved Dec xiv, 2019.
  6. ^ Sanchez, Rey (February thirteen, 2019). "Written report finds no show of 'offensive or racist statements' by Kentucky students". CNN . Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  7. ^ Dias, Elizabeth (January 22, 2019). "After Viral Video, Families of Covington Are Swiftly Circling to Protect Their Boys". The New York Times . Retrieved December thirteen, 2019.
  8. ^ a b Olivo, Antonio; Wootson Jr, Cleve R.; Heim, Joe (January nineteen, 2019). "'It was getting ugly': Native American drummer on the MAGA-hat wearing teens who surrounded him". The Washington Post . Retrieved January nineteen, 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d east f chiliad h i Times, The New York (Jan 23, 2019). "Videos Testify a Collision of three Groups That Spawned a Fiery Political Moment". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
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  12. ^ a b "Covington Catholic High Final Investigative Report from Greater Cincinnati Investigation, Inc". February 13, 2019. Retrieved January half dozen, 2020.
  13. ^ a b "Diocese report finds Covington Catholic students did nothing wrong in viral Washington incident". WCPO Cincinnati. Feb 13, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  14. ^ CNN settles lawsuit with Nick Sandmann stemming from viral video controversy CNN, Jan vii, 2020
  15. ^ a b "Nick Sandmann settles $250M lawsuit with the Washington Post". world wide web.msn.com . Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  16. ^ a b Bentley, Quinlan (December 17, 2021). "Covington Catholic graduate Nicholas Sandmann reaches settlement in lawsuit against NBC". The Cincinnati Enquirer . Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  17. ^ a b c Davis, Alli (Jan 20, 2019). "Omaha Tribe member Nathan Phillips in spotlight in face of taunting teens". Sandhills Express . Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  18. ^ a b Bengal, Rebecca (January 21, 2019). "The Ability of Nathan Phillips'due south Vocal". Vogue . Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  19. ^ a b Lockhart, P.R. (Jan 22, 2019). "The Black Hebrew Israelites and their connectedness to the Covington controversy, explained". Vox . Retrieved January 24, 2019. where one of their members was holding a faith-teaching ceremony to his other followers
  20. ^ a b c d e f Sidner, Sara (January 21, 2019). "Trump Proposes DACA Deal for His Edge Wall Funding; Furloughed Worker Shares Impacts of Celebrated Shutdown; Rudy Giuliani Admits Trump and Cohen May Have Discussed Testimony; Immigration Laws; Oscars; CNN Heroes; Politics; Italia Elections; Second Subpoena Rights; Reality TV; Entertainment". CNN . Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  21. ^ a b Mervosh, Sarah (January 19, 2019). "Boys in 'Make America Great Over again' Hats Mob Native Elder at Indigenous Peoples March". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
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